[{"_1":2,"_76":-5,"_77":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_29":30,"_75":-5},"layout",{"_5":6},"posts",[7,16,20,24],{"_8":9,"_10":11,"_12":13,"_14":15},"slug","EcmaScript","title","Ecma script","image","/images/technologies/Ecmascript.png","updated",["D",1710460800000],{"_8":17,"_10":17,"_12":18,"_14":19},"PHP","/images/technologies/PHP.png",["D",1741996800000],{"_8":21,"_10":21,"_12":22,"_14":23},"React","/images/technologies/ReactJs.png",["D",1742083200000],{"_8":25,"_10":26,"_12":27,"_14":28},"Typescript","TypeScript","/images/technologies/Typescript.png",["D",1710460800000],"routes/home",{"_5":31},[32,48,57,68],{"_8":21,"_10":21,"_14":33,"_34":35,"_36":37,"_38":39,"_42":43,"_12":22,"_44":45,"_46":47},["D",1742083200000],"formatedDate","March 16, 2025","latestVersion","React 19","tags",[21,40,41],"JavaScript","Frontend","description","React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.","content","

React Features

\n
From React 16 to the latest release
\n

React's main features in each release are listed below. Click on each version title to see the features.

React 19

\n\n

Server Components – A Major Update

React 19 brings a significant update to Server Components, improving performance and reducing bundle size.

// Server Component (runs on the server)\n// This component fetches data on the server and renders HTML\nexport default async function ServerComponent() {\n  const data = await fetchSomeData();\n  return <div>{data.map(item => <p key={item.id}>{item.name}</p>)}</div>;\n}

New Directives: 'use client' and 'use server'

These directives define whether components run on the client or server.

'use client';\n\n// This component runs on the client\nexport default function ClientComponent() {\n  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);\n  return <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Count: {count}</button>;\n}

Actions: Enhancing Form Handling and State Management

A new way to manage form interactions efficiently.

'use server';\n\n// Server action to handle form submission\nexport async function submitForm(formData) {\n  const name = formData.get('name');\n  const email = formData.get('email');\n  await saveToDatabase({ name, email });\n  return { success: true };\n}

New Hook: `useActionState`

Allows handling form state updates easily.

'use client';\n\nfunction ContactForm() {\n  const [state, formAction] = useActionState(submitForm, { success: false });\n  \n  return (\n    <form action={formAction}>\n      <input name=\"name\" required />\n      <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" required />\n      <button type=\"submit\">Submit</button>\n      {state.success && <p>Thank you!</p>}\n    </form>\n  );\n}

New Hook: `useFormStatus`

Provides form status information within components.

'use client';\n\nfunction SubmitButton() {\n  const { pending } = useFormStatus();\n  return (\n    <button disabled={pending}>\n      {pending ? 'Submitting...' : 'Submit'}\n    </button>\n  );\n}

New Hook: `useOptimistic`

Helps create a better UI experience by providing optimistic updates.

'use client';\n\nfunction CommentList({ comments }) {\n  const [optimisticComments, addOptimisticComment] = useOptimistic(\n    comments,\n    (state, newComment) => [...state, newComment]\n  );\n  \n  async function handleAddComment(formData) {\n    const newComment = { id: Date.now(), text: formData.get('text') };\n    addOptimisticComment(newComment);\n    await submitComment(formData);\n  }\n  \n  return (\n    <>\n      <form action={handleAddComment}>\n        <input name=\"text\" />\n        <button type=\"submit\">Add Comment</button>\n      </form>\n      <ul>\n        {optimisticComments.map(comment => (\n          <li key={comment.id}>{comment.text}</li>\n        ))}\n      </ul>\n    </>\n  );\n}

New API: `use`

Enables seamless async data fetching.

'use client';\n\nfunction UserProfile({ userPromise }) {\n  const user = use(userPromise);\n  return <div>Hello, {user.name}!</div>;\n}

Server Components

Enhancements to Server Components for better performance.
Server Actions to enable easy data mutations.

// DataFetcher.js (Server Component)\nexport default async function DataFetcher() {\n  const data = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data').then(r => r.json());\n  return <DataDisplay data={data} />;\n}\n\n// DataDisplay.js (Client Component)\n'use client';\nexport default function DataDisplay({ data }) {\n  return <div>{JSON.stringify(data)}</div>;\n}

Improvements in React 19

Ref as a Prop
Diffs for Hydration Errors
Context as a Provider
Cleanup Functions for Refs
Support for Document Metadata
Support for Stylesheets
Support for Async Scripts
Support for Preloading Resources

// Ref as a prop example\nfunction ParentComponent() {\n  const buttonRef = useRef(null);\n  return <ChildComponent ref={buttonRef} />;\n}\n\n// Context as a provider\nconst ThemeContext = createContext('light');\nfunction App() {\n  return (\n    <ThemeContext.Provider>\n      <Layout />\n    </ThemeContext.Provider>\n  );\n}

\n\n

React 18

\n\n

Concurrent Rendering

Enables React to prepare multiple UI updates at the same time.

function App() {\n  const [showDetails, setShowDetails] = useState(false);\n  \n  // This will start working on the update but won't block the UI\n  return (\n    <div>\n      <button onClick={() => setShowDetails(true)}>Show Details</button>\n      {showDetails && <ExpensiveComponent />}\n    </div>\n  );\n}

`useTransition` Hook

Allows for managing transitions without blocking the UI.

function SearchResults() {\n  const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition();\n  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState('');\n  \n  function handleChange(e) {\n    // Urgent update: Show what's being typed\n    setSearchQuery(e.target.value);\n    \n    // Mark non-urgent update inside startTransition\n    startTransition(() => {\n      // This update can be interrupted\n      setSearchResults(computeSearchResults(e.target.value));\n    });\n  }\n  \n  return (\n    <>\n      <input value={searchQuery} onChange={handleChange} />\n      {isPending ? <Spinner /> : <ResultsList results={searchResults} />}\n    </>\n  );\n}

`useDeferredValue` Hook

Defer updating parts of the UI for smoother rendering.

function SearchPage() {\n  const [query, setQuery] = useState('');\n  const deferredQuery = useDeferredValue(query);\n  \n  return (\n    <>\n      <input value={query} onChange={e => setQuery(e.target.value)} />\n      <SearchResults query={deferredQuery} />\n    </>\n  );\n}

Automatic Batching

Batching state updates for better performance.

function handleClick() {\n  // In React 18, these are automatically batched into a single re-render\n  setCount(c => c + 1);\n  setFlag(f => !f);\n  setName('John');\n}

Streaming Server Rendering with Suspense

Improves SSR performance by streaming HTML while loading data.

// Server component\nfunction App() {\n  return (\n    <Layout>\n      <NavBar />\n      <Suspense fallback={<Spinner />}>\n        <Comments />\n      </Suspense>\n    </Layout>\n  );\n}\n\n// Client component\nfunction Comments() {\n  const comments = use(fetchComments());\n  return (\n    <div>\n      {comments.map(comment => (\n        <Comment key={comment.id} comment={comment} />\n      ))}\n    </div>\n  );\n}

\n\n\n

React 17

\n\n

No New Features, Just Improvements

React 17 focused on improving the existing architecture rather than introducing new features.

Improved Event Delegation

Events are now attached to the root rather than document.

// Before React 17\n// Event listeners were attached to document\nReactDOM.render(<App />, rootNode);\n\n// In React 17\n// Event listeners are attached to the root DOM container\nReactDOM.render(<App />, rootNode);

Gradual Upgrades

Better compatibility with older versions of React.

// React 17 app\nconst root = document.getElementById('root');\nReactDOM.render(<App />, root);\n\n// React 18 app inside React 17 app\nconst newRoot = document.getElementById('new-root');\n// Can use React 18 features here\nReactDOM.createRoot(newRoot).render(<NewApp />);

JSX Transform Update

Allows using JSX without explicitly importing React.

// Before React 17\nimport React from 'react';\n\nfunction App() {\n  return <h1>Hello World</h1>;\n}\n\n// After React 17\n// No need to import React when using JSX\nfunction App() {\n  return <h1>Hello World</h1>;\n}

\n\n\n

React 16

\n\n

React Hooks

Introduced hooks like useState, useEffect, and useContext.

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';\n\nfunction Counter() {\n  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);\n  \n  useEffect(() => {\n    document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;\n    \n    return () => {\n      // Cleanup code\n    };\n  }, [count]);\n  \n  return (\n    <div>\n      <p>You clicked {count} times</p>\n      <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>\n        Click me\n      </button>\n    </div>\n  );\n}

Suspense & Lazy Loading

Improves code-splitting with React.lazy and Suspense.

import React, { Suspense, lazy } from 'react';\n\n// Lazy load a component\nconst LazyComponent = lazy(() => import('./LazyComponent'));\n\nfunction App() {\n  return (\n    <div>\n      <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>\n        <LazyComponent />\n      </Suspense>\n    </div>\n  );\n}

Error Boundaries

Catch JavaScript errors in component trees.

class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {\n  constructor(props) {\n    super(props);\n    this.state = { hasError: false };\n  }\n\n  static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {\n    return { hasError: true };\n  }\n\n  componentDidCatch(error, errorInfo) {\n    logErrorToService(error, errorInfo);\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    if (this.state.hasError) {\n      return <h1>Something went wrong.</h1>;\n    }\n    return this.props.children;\n  }\n}\n\n// Usage\n<ErrorBoundary>\n  <MyComponent />\n</ErrorBoundary>

Fiber Architecture

New core algorithm improving performance.

// Example of how Fiber can pause and resume work\nfunction App() {\n  const [items, setItems] = useState([]);\n  \n  // With Fiber, this large update can be interrupted if needed\n  function handleClick() {\n    const newItems = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {\n      newItems.push({ id: i, text: `Item ${i}` });\n    }\n    setItems(newItems);\n  }\n  \n  return (\n    <div>\n      <button onClick={handleClick}>Add 10000 items</button>\n      <ul>\n        {items.map(item => <li key={item.id}>{item.text}</li>)}\n      </ul>\n    </div>\n  );\n}

\n","excerpt","# React Features",{"_8":17,"_10":17,"_14":49,"_34":50,"_36":51,"_38":52,"_42":54,"_12":18,"_44":55,"_46":56},["D",1741996800000],"March 15, 2025","PHP 8.5 (Upcoming, 2025)",[17,53],"Backend","PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development.","

PHP

\n
Old school PHP, the language most of us used and still not dead!
\n

PHP language main features on each release are listed below, click on each version title to see the features.

PHP 8.5 (Upcoming, 2025)

\n\n

(To be announced)

\n\n

PHP 8.4 (2024)

\n\n

Property Hooks

Allows dynamic getters and setters

class User {\n    public string $name;\n    public function __get(string $name) {}\n}

Asymmetric Visibility in Classes

Different getter/setter visibility

class Example {\n    public function __construct(\n        public string $name\n    ) {}\n}

Database Driver-Specific PDO Classes

Enhances database-specific functionality

$pdo = new MySQLiPDO(\"mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test\");

Lazy Objects

Improve memory performance by delaying initialization

$object = LazyObject::create(Foo::class);

\n\n

PHP 8.3 (2023)

\n\n

Typed Class Constants

Allows type hints for class constants

class A {\n    public const int VALUE = 10;\n}

json_validate Function

Validate JSON without decoding

json_validate('{\"key\": \"value\"}');

Granular DateTime Exceptions

More specific DateTime-related exceptions

try {\n    new DateTime(\"invalid\");\n} catch (DateMalformedStringException $e) {\n    echo \"Invalid date\";\n}

\n\n

PHP 8.2 (2022)

\n\n

Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) Types

Combine types using OR

function test((A&B)|C $x) {}

Readonly Classes

Make entire class readonly

readonly class User {\n    public string $name;\n}

True, False, Null Types

Allows specifying these as standalone types

function example(true $flag) {}

Sensitive Parameter Redaction

Redact parameters from stack traces

function login(#[\\SensitiveParameter] string $password) {}

New Random Extension

Better random number generation

$rand = new Random\\Engine\\Secure();

\n\n

PHP 8.1 (2021)

\n\n

Enumerations (Enums)

Define a set of possible values

enum Status {\n    case Pending;\n    case Approved;\n}

Readonly Properties

Prevents property modification

class User {\n    public readonly string $name;\n}

Fibers

Allows cooperative multitasking

$fiber = new Fiber(function () {\n    echo \"Inside Fiber\";\n});\n$fiber->start();

Intersection Types

Require a type to implement multiple interfaces

function process(A&B $value) {}

Never Return Type

Indicates a function never returns

function redirect(): never {\n    exit;\n}

\n\n

PHP 8.0 (2020)

\n\n

Named Arguments

Pass arguments by name

function test($a, $b) {}\ntest(b: 2, a: 1);

Match Expression

Switch alternative with strict comparison

$result = match($x) {\n    1 => 'one',\n    2 => 'two',\n    default => 'other',\n};

Just-In-Time Compilation (JIT)

Improves PHP performance at runtime

// Enabled via php.ini: opcache.jit=1235

Constructor Property Promotion

Simplifies constructor property initialization

class User {\n    public function __construct(private string $name) {}\n}

Union Types

Allows multiple types for parameters and return values

function example(int|string $value) {}

\n\n

PHP 7.4 (2019)

\n\n

Typed Properties

Allows type hints for class properties

class User {\n    public int $id;\n}

Arrow Functions

Shorter syntax for anonymous functions

$add = fn($a, $b) => $a + $b;

Underscore Numeric Separator

Improves readability of large numbers

$number = 1_000_000;

\n\n

PHP 7.3 (2018)

\n\n

Trailing Commas in Function Calls

Allows trailing commas in function calls

function test($a, $b,) {}

JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR

Throws exception on JSON errors

json_decode(\"invalid\", false, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);

Heredoc/Nowdoc Syntax Improvements

Allows better indentation handling

$str = <<<TEXT\n    Indented text\nTEXT;

\n\n

PHP 7.2 (2017)

\n\n

Object Type Hint

Allows specifying "object" as a type hint

function setObject(object $obj) {}

Argon2 Password Hashing

Stronger password hashing algorithm

$password = password_hash('secret', PASSWORD_ARGON2I);

Class Constant Visibility

Allows visibility modifiers for class constants

class MyClass {\n    private const SECRET = 'hidden';\n}

\n\n

PHP 7.1 (2016)

\n\n

Nullable Types

Allows null values in type hints

function setAge(?int $age) {}

Iterable Type Hint

Allows any iterable (arrays, Traversable)

function foo(iterable $items) {}

Void Return Type

Function must not return a value

function test(): void {\n    echo \"Hello\";\n}

\n\n

PHP 7.0 (2015)

\n\n

Scalar Type Declarations

Allows specifying parameter and return types

function add(int $a, int $b): int {\n    return $a + $b;\n}

Null Coalescing Operator (??)

Returns the first non-null operand

$username = $_GET['user'] ?? 'guest';

Spaceship Operator (<=>)

Three-way comparison

echo 2 <=> 3; // -1

\n","# PHP",{"_8":9,"_10":11,"_14":58,"_34":59,"_36":60,"_38":61,"_42":65,"_12":13,"_44":66,"_46":67},["D",1710460800000],"March 15, 2024","ES2024 ",[62,63,64],"Ecmascript","Javascript","Node.js","Ecmascript is a standardized version of JavaScript.","

Ecma script features

\n
from revolutionary es6 till current latest release
\n

Ecma script main features on each release are listed below, click on each version title to see the features.

ES2024

\n\n

Symbols as WeakMap keys

Symbols can now be used as keys in WeakMaps

const sym = Symbol(\"key\");\nconst weakMap = new WeakMap();\nweakMap.set(sym, \"value\");

Array.fromAsync

Create an array from async iterables

const asyncGen = async function*() { yield 1; yield 2; };\nconsole.log(await Array.fromAsync(asyncGen()));

\n\n

ES2023

\n\n

Array.prototype.toSorted

Sort without mutating original array

const arr = [3, 1, 2];\nconsole.log(arr.toSorted());

Hashbang (#!) in JavaScript files

Support for Unix-style shebang

#!/usr/bin/env node\nconsole.log(\"Hello, Node.js!\");

\n\n

ES2022

\n\n

Top-Level Await

Use await outside of async functions

const data = await fetch(\"https://api.example.com\").then(res => res.json());

Object.hasOwn

Check for own properties safely

console.log(Object.hasOwn({a: 1}, \"a\"));

\n\n

ES2021

\n\n

String.prototype.replaceAll

Replace all occurrences of a substring

console.log(\"hello hello\".replaceAll(\"hello\", \"hi\"));

Numeric Separators

Improve number readability

const num = 1_000_000;

\n\n

ES2020

\n\n

Nullish Coalescing Operator (??)

Return right operand if left is null or undefined

console.log(null ?? \"default\"); // \"default\"

Optional Chaining (?.)

Avoid errors when accessing deep properties

const obj = {};\nconsole.log(obj?.prop?.nested);

\n\n

ES2019

\n\n

Array.prototype.flat

Flatten nested arrays

console.log([1, [2, [3]]].flat(2));

String.prototype.trimStart & trimEnd

Remove whitespace from start or end of a string

console.log(\"  Hello  \".trimStart());\nconsole.log(\"  Hello  \".trimEnd());

Object.fromEntries

Transform key-value pairs into objects

console.log(Object.fromEntries([[\"a\", 1], [\"b\", 2]]));

Optional Catch Binding

Omit catch parameter if unused

try {\nthrow new Error(\"Oops\");\n} catch {\nconsole.log(\"Error caught\");\n}

\n\n

ES2018

\n\n

Rest/Spread Properties

Spread objects

const obj = {a: 1, b: 2};\nconst clone = {...obj};

Promise.prototype.finally

Execute code after promise resolution/rejection

fetchData().finally(() => console.log(\"Done\"));

Asynchronous Iteration

Use for await...of for async iterables

async function process(items) {\nfor await (const item of items) {\nconsole.log(item);\n}\n}

RegExp Enhancements

Named capture groups, lookbehind assertions

const regex = /(?<year>\\d{4})-(?<month>\\d{2})/;\nconst match = regex.exec(\"2023-04\");\nconsole.log(match.groups.year); // \"2023\"

\n\n

ES2017

\n\n

Async/Await

Syntactic sugar for promises

async function fetchData() {\nreturn await Promise.resolve(\"Data\");\n}

Object.values and Object.entries

Get object values and key-value pairs

console.log(Object.values({a: 1, b: 2}));\nconsole.log(Object.entries({a: 1, b: 2}));

String.prototype.padStart & padEnd

Pad strings with characters

console.log(\"5\".padStart(3, \"0\")); // \"005\"\nconsole.log(\"5\".padEnd(3, \"0\")); // \"500\"

Trailing commas in function parameters

Allow trailing commas in function definitions

function foo(a, b,) {\nconsole.log(a, b);\n}

Shared memory and Atomics

Enable multi-threaded operations

const sharedBuffer = new SharedArrayBuffer(16);\nconst int32 = new Int32Array(sharedBuffer);\nAtomics.store(int32, 0, 123);

\n\n

ES2016

\n\n

Array.prototype.includes

Check if an array contains an element

console.log([1, 2, 3].includes(2)); // true

Exponentiation Operator

** as a shorthand for Math.pow

console.log(2 ** 3); // 8

\n\n

ES2015 (es6)

\n\n

let and const

Block-scoped variable declarations

let x = 10;\nconst y = 20;

Arrow Functions

Shorter function syntax with lexical this

const add = (a, b) => a + b;

Template Literals

String interpolation using backticks

const name = \"Jafar\";\nconsole.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);

\n","# Ecma script features",{"_8":25,"_10":26,"_14":69,"_34":59,"_36":70,"_38":71,"_42":72,"_12":27,"_44":73,"_46":74},["D",1710460800000],"TypeScript 5.4 (2024)",[26,40,64],"TypeScript is a strongly typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript.","

TypeScript features

\n
Main features released for TypeScript since version 4
\n

TypeScript main features on each release are listed below, click on each version title to see the features.

TypeScript 5.4 (2024)

\n\n

Import Attributes

Allows specifying attributes for imports

import jsonData from \"./data.json\" with { type: \"json\" };

const Contextual Keyword

Allows const in more contexts

const obj = { key: \"value\" } as const;

\n\n

TypeScript 5.3 (2023)

\n\n

Decoupled Type and Function Parameter Lists

Allows separating types and function parameters

function foo<T>(x: T) {}

New decorators syntax

Updated decorator implementation

@sealed\nclass MyClass {}

\n\n

TypeScript 5.2 (2023)

\n\n

Explicit Resource Management

Adds using for resource cleanup

using resource = new SomeResource();

\n\n

TypeScript 5.1 (2023)

\n\n

Easier Implicit Returns for `void` Functions

No longer requires return for void functions

function logMessage(): void {\n  console.log(\"Hello\");\n}

\n\n

TypeScript 5.0 (2023)

\n\n

Enum Unions as Discriminants

Allows union types to be used in discriminated unions

type Shape = { kind: \"circle\", radius: number } | { kind: \"square\", side: number };

New decorators

Standardized decorator support

@sealed\nclass MyClass {}

\n\n

TypeScript 4.9 (2022)

\n\n

`satisfies` Operator

Ensures type compatibility without altering type inference

const palette = {\n  primary: \"#ff0000\",\n} satisfies Record<string, string>;

\n\n

TypeScript 4.8 (2022)

\n\n

Improved Inference for Object Methods

Better inference for method assignments

const obj = {\n  method() {\n    return \"Hello\";\n  },\n};

\n\n

TypeScript 4.7 (2022)

\n\n

ECMAScript Module Support in Node.js

Enables native ESM support

import { readFile } from \"fs/promises\";

\n\n

TypeScript 4.6 (2022)

\n\n

Control Flow Analysis for Destructured Variables

Improves type narrowing for destructuring

function process(obj: { x?: number }) {\n  if (obj.x) {\n    const { x } = obj;\n    console.log(x.toFixed());\n  }\n}

\n\n

TypeScript 4.5 (2021)

\n\n

`Awaited` Utility Type

Extracts the resolved type from a promise

type Data = Awaited<Promise<string>>;

\n\n

TypeScript 4.4 (2021)

\n\n

Exact Optional Property Types

Optional properties no longer allow undefined implicitly

interface User {\n  name?: string;\n}

\n\n

TypeScript 4.3 (2021)

\n\n

Override Keyword

Enforces correct method overriding

class Base {\n  greet(): void {}\n}\nclass Derived extends Base {\n  override greet(): void {}\n}

\n\n

TypeScript 4.2 (2021)

\n\n

Template Literal Type Improvements

Supports better type inference

type Color = \"red\" | `light${string}`;

\n\n

TypeScript 4.1 (2020)

\n\n

Template Literal Types

Allows type-safe string manipulation

type Greeting = `Hello, ${string}!`;

\n\n

TypeScript 4.0 (2020)

\n\n

Variadic Tuple Types

Supports tuple manipulation

type MyTuple = [string, ...number[]];

\n","# TypeScript features","root","actionData","errors"]

React Features

React 19

Server Components – A Major Update

New Directives: 'use client' and 'use server'

Actions: Enhancing Form Handling and State Management

New Hook: useActionState

New Hook: useFormStatus

New Hook: useOptimistic

New API: use

Server Components

Improvements in React 19

React 18

Concurrent Rendering

useTransition Hook

useDeferredValue Hook

Automatic Batching

Streaming Server Rendering with Suspense

React 17

No New Features, Just Improvements

Improved Event Delegation

Gradual Upgrades

JSX Transform Update

React 16

React Hooks

Suspense & Lazy Loading

Error Boundaries

Fiber Architecture

PHP

PHP 8.5 (Upcoming, 2025)

(To be announced)

PHP 8.4 (2024)

Property Hooks

Asymmetric Visibility in Classes

Database Driver-Specific PDO Classes

Lazy Objects

PHP 8.3 (2023)

Typed Class Constants

json_validate Function

Granular DateTime Exceptions

PHP 8.2 (2022)

Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) Types

Readonly Classes

True, False, Null Types

Sensitive Parameter Redaction

New Random Extension

PHP 8.1 (2021)

Enumerations (Enums)

Readonly Properties

Fibers

Intersection Types

Never Return Type

PHP 8.0 (2020)

Named Arguments

Match Expression

Just-In-Time Compilation (JIT)

Constructor Property Promotion

Union Types

PHP 7.4 (2019)

Typed Properties

Arrow Functions

Underscore Numeric Separator

PHP 7.3 (2018)

Trailing Commas in Function Calls

JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR

Heredoc/Nowdoc Syntax Improvements

PHP 7.2 (2017)

Object Type Hint

Argon2 Password Hashing

Class Constant Visibility

PHP 7.1 (2016)

Nullable Types

Iterable Type Hint

Void Return Type

PHP 7.0 (2015)

Scalar Type Declarations

Null Coalescing Operator (??)

Spaceship Operator (<=>)

Ecma script features

ES2024

Symbols as WeakMap keys

New Hook: `useActionState`

New Hook: `useFormStatus`

New Hook: `useOptimistic`

New API: `use`

`useTransition` Hook

`useDeferredValue` Hook

Easier Implicit Returns for `void` Functions

`satisfies` Operator

`Awaited` Utility Type

Recently Updated Technologies

React

PHP

Ecma script

TypeScript